Transfection reagents are essential tools in biotech research for introducing nucleic acids into mammalian cells, enabling gene manipulation and cellular pathway studies. These reagents come in various formulations tailored for specific cell types, nucleic acid sizes, and experimental goals. Lipid-based and polymer-based transfection reagents are commonly used for their efficiency and low cytotoxicity. They form complexes with nucleic acids that are taken up by cells through endocytosis or membrane fusion.
These reagents offer versatility and high transfection efficiency, particularly in difficult-to-transfect cell lines. Additionally, electroporation and viral vectors serve as alternative methods for nucleic acid delivery. Transfection reagents empower researchers to elucidate gene and protein functions, unravel biological pathways, and develop therapeutic strategies. Ongoing advancements aim to enhance transfection efficiency and reduce cytotoxicity, expanding the capabilities of biotech research in cellular biology.