How Lyophilization Works

Lyophilization, also known as freeze-drying, is a process used to remove water from substances while preserving their structure and properties. It involves freezing the material, subjecting it to a vacuum to remove ice through sublimation, and then desorbing any remaining bound water molecules through secondary drying. The dried material is sealed in airtight containers to prevent reabsorption of moisture. This process is favored for preserving heat-sensitive substances and producing lightweight, stable products with a longer shelf life, although it is time-consuming and energy-intensive compared to other drying methods.